使用Spring Security进行身份认证

Spring Security概述

Spring Security是一个能够为基于Spring的企业应用系统提供声明式的安全访问控制解决方案的安全框架。由于它是Spring生态系统中的一员,因此它伴随着整个Spring生态系统不断修正、升级,在spring boot项目中加入spring security更是十分简单,使用Spring Security 减少了为企业系统安全控制编写大量重复代码的工作。

Spring Security提供了一个登录页模板/login和登出页/logout,可以直接使用

SpringMVC 整合

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>testProject</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.rhett</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>spring-security</artifactId>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
        <spring.version>5.1.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <version>1.18.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <finalName>security‐springmvc</finalName>
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                    <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>2.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven‐resources‐plugin</artifactId>
                    <configuration>
                        <encoding>utf‐8</encoding>
                        <useDefaultDelimiters>true</useDefaultDelimiters>
                        <resources>
                            <resource>
                                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                                <filtering>true</filtering>
                                <includes>
                                    <include>**/*</include>
                                </includes>
                            </resource>
                            <resource>
                                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                                <includes>
                                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                                </includes>
                            </resource>
                        </resources>
                    </configuration>
                    <version>3.1.0</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>

</project>

配置类

@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.rhett.security",
        excludeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
//相当于application.xml
public class ApplicationConfig {

}
@Configuration
@EnableWebMvc
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.rhett.security",
        includeFilters = {@ComponentScan.Filter(type = FilterType.ANNOTATION,value = Controller.class)})
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {

    //视图解析器
    @Bean
    public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){
        InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
        viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/view/");
        viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
        return viewResolver;
    }

    @Override
    public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
        registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("redirect:/login");
    }

}

这个类是关键的Spring-Security的配置类

@EnableWebSecurity
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    //定义用户信息服务(查询用户信息,这里使用InMemoryUserDetailsManager测试)
    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService(){
        InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();
        manager.createUser(User.withUsername("zhangsan").password("123").authorities("p1").build());
        manager.createUser(User.withUsername("lisi").password("456").authorities("p2").build());
        return manager;
    }

    //密码编码器

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
        return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
    }

    //安全拦截机制

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/r/r1").hasAuthority("p1")//获取r/r1必须具有p1权限
                .antMatchers("/r/r2").hasAuthority("p2")//获取r/r2必须具有p2权限
                .antMatchers("/r/**").authenticated()//所有"/r/**"请求必须认证通过
                .anyRequest().permitAll()//除了"/r/**"所有请求可以访问
                .and()
                .formLogin()//允许表单登录
                .successForwardUrl("/login-success");//自定义登陆成功的页面地址
    }
}

Spring容器初始化:

public class SpringApplicationInitializer extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer {
    //spring容器,相当于加载application.xml
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() {
        //这里要加载spring security的配置类
        return new Class[]{ApplicationConfig.class, WebSecurityConfig.class};
    }
    //servletContext,相当于加载web.xml
    @Override
    protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() {
        return new Class[]{WebConfig.class};
    }
    //url-mapping
    @Override
    protected String[] getServletMappings() {
        return new String[]{"/"};
    }
}

Spring Security的初始化,这里有两种情况:
+ 若当前环境没有使用 Spring或Spring MVC,则需要将 WebSecurityConfig(Spring Security配置类) 传入超类,以确保获取配置,并创建spring context。
+ 相反,若当前环境已经使用 spring,我们应该在现有的springContext中注册Spring Security(上一步已经做将WebSecurityConfig加载至rootcontext),此方法可以什么都不做。

public class SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer extends AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer {
    public SpringSecurityApplicationInitializer(){
        //super(WebSecurityConfig.class);
    }
}

Controller

@RestController
public class LoginController {
    //登录成功后跳转
    @RequestMapping(value = "/login-success",produces = "text/plain; charset=utf-8")
    public String loginSuccess(){
        return "登录成功";
    }
    //两个资源
    @GetMapping(value = "/r/r1",produces = {"text/plain;charset=utf-8"})
    public String r1(){
        return "访问资源r1";
    }

    @GetMapping(value = "/r/r2",produces = {"text/plain;charset=utf-8"})
    public String r2(){
        return "访问资源r2";
    }
}

测试

运行项目,访问/login路径,可以看到spring security提供的登陆页面,这个网页加载的cdn静态资源速度对国内不是很友好:

使用Spring Security进行身份认证

如果登录成功跳转到自定义的页面

使用Spring Security进行身份认证

如果失败给出提示:

使用Spring Security进行身份认证

如果存在资源访问权限,正常访问:

使用Spring Security进行身份认证

如果不存在资源访问权限,报403错误:

使用Spring Security进行身份认证

SpringBoot整合

SpringBoot项目导入依赖:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

SpringBoot没有太大差别,首先Spring容器不需要手动配置了,直接只留一个Security配置类:

//原来的@EnableWebSecurity也不用写了
@Configuration
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    //定义用户信息服务(查询用户信息)
    @Bean
    public UserDetailsService userDetailsService(){
        InMemoryUserDetailsManager manager = new InMemoryUserDetailsManager();
        manager.createUser(User.withUsername("zhangsan").password("123").authorities("p1").build());
        manager.createUser(User.withUsername("lisi").password("456").authorities("p2").build());
        return manager;
    }

    //密码编码器

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
        return NoOpPasswordEncoder.getInstance();
    }

    //安全拦截机制

    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/r/r1").hasAuthority("p1")
                .antMatchers("/r/r2").hasAuthority("p2")
                .antMatchers("/r/**").authenticated()//所有"/r/**"请求必须认证通过
                .anyRequest().permitAll()//除了"/r/**"所有请求可以访问
                .and()
                .formLogin()//允许表单登录
                .successForwardUrl("/login-success");//自定义登陆成功的页面地址
    }
}

原创文章,作者:彭晨涛,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.codetool.top/article/%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8spring-security%e8%bf%9b%e8%a1%8c%e8%ba%ab%e4%bb%bd%e8%ae%a4%e8%af%81/

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